Second of my key texts

Women, men, and all the other categories: Psychologies for theorizing human diversity. By: Magnusson, Eva, Nordic Psychology, 1901-2276, 2011, Vol. 63, Issue 2

...However, exactly how the sex categories have been seen to differ has varied through history, and between cultures and subcultures (Scott, 1988).Thus, though cultures typically ascribe to sex categories a basic meaning of “difference”, belonging to a particular sex category does not have a fixed or universal content, in the sense of opportunities or tasks ascribed. Being a woman, though it has meant being not a man, and also meant being seen asdifferent from men, has not been filled with exactly the same meaning content everywhere, or in all time periods. It was this mutability that made many feminist researchers in psychology and other disciplines adopt the grammatical term for sorts, gender (Latin, genus) when studying social and psychological consequences of, and corollaries to, the sex categories. Feminist psychologists in the 1970s, for instance, began using the term gender as a way to point to the cultural, social and psychological meanings that are given to sex categories in specific social settings (Unger, 1979). Much feminist thought has since then developed more complex arguments around gender that move beyond the (today seen as oversimplified) distinction between “biology” and “culture” in these early formulations. A uniting feature of contemporary feminist thought is the use of the term gender to denote a cultural meaning-system, not a characteristic of individuals. This distinguishes feminist theory from much psychological theory, where for instance, expressions such as “gender differences” are often used to denote differences in personal traits or abilities between individual men and women (Ely and Padavic, 2007).